Essential Principles
The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy. Yale Law School: New Haven, 2008.
- Magna Carta, 1215.
- English Bill of Rights, 1689.
- US Declaration of Independence, 1776.
- Declaration of the Rights of Man, 1789.
- Constitution of the United States and Bill of Rights, 1787 and 1791.
Human Rights Web.
"A Summary of United Nations Agreements on Human Rights."
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (now OSCE)
Helsinki Final Act of 1975.
NAACP Legal Defense Fund (home page and history).
National Archives
Milestone Documents: Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
United Nations (see also above: Human Rights Web).
United States Department of State
- Democracy Papers. Bureau of International Information Programs.
- "The Role of an Independent Judiciary." Philippa Strum. 2001.
Other Resources: Articles
Brennan Center for Justice
Brief of Amici Curia Scholars of the Founding Era in immunity case of Donald Trump v. USA in support of the respondent (the US Government).
Chornohorska, Anastasiia.
“Deportations, Genocide, and Russia’s War Against the Crimean Tatars,” May 18, 2016, Euromaidan Press.
Fried, Daniel
“Helsinki Process Stands as a Turning Point in Europe,” Sept. 1, 2023.
Ifill, Sherilyn
“How Thurgood Marshall Paved the Way for Brown v Board of Education,” Smithsonian Magazine, March 10, 2021.
Kleinfeld Belton, Rachel
“Competing Definitions of the Rule of Law.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Carnegie Papers: January 21, 2005.
Tribe, Lawrence
"The Trump Decision Reveals Deep Rot in the System," Opinion, The New York Times, July 1, 2024.
Recommended Films
A Struggle for Home. A Documentary History of the Crimean Tatars (2015).
The Nuremburg Trials. Directed by Stanley Kramer (1961).
Twelve Angry Men. Directed by Sidney Lumet (1957).
Fury. Directed by Fritz Lang (1930).
Germany
Economist magazine. Topics Index: Germany. See, e.g.:
“Is the Welcome Culture Legal? Merkel Faces Court Test.” Feb. 13, 2016.
The New York Times: World: Germany. See, e.g.:
- "A Democracy That Didn't Need to Fail," Book Review, Sept. 3, 2024.
- "Germany Places AfD Party Under Surveillance for Extremism," March 3, 2021.
- “Germany’s Pursuit of Death Camp Guards,” May 9, 2014.
- “Germany Announces Deal on Art Looted by Nazis.” Apr. 7, 2014.
- “Shedding Light on Jews Killed Away from Death Camps.” Jan. 28, 2014.
- “A Guillotine in Storage Had Role in Silencing Nazis’ Critics.” Jan. 14, 2014.
- “How Democracy Produced a Monster,” by Ian Kershow, Feb. 3, 2008.
Foreign Policy
“Germany is Thinking of Banning the Far Right,” December 13, 2023.
Other Resources
Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949).
Constitution of the German Democratic Republic (1949).
Constitution of the Weimar Republic (1919).
Craig, Gordon. The Germans (Meridan: New York, 1982.
Stern, Fritz. Five Germanys I Have Known (Farrar, Straus & Giroux: 2006).
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (home page)
The White Rose Opposition Movement.
U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to Europe and Eurasia/Germany).
Recommended Films
"Kinderblock 66: A Return to Buchenwald." Directed by Ron Cohen (2013).
"Schindler’s List." Directed by Steven Spielberg (1993).
"Torn Curtain." Directed by Alfred Hitchcock (1966).
"Lives of Others." Directed by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck (2007).
Singapore
Economist magazine: Singapore.
The New York Times. World: Times Topics: Singapore. See, e.g.:
- "A New Statue of British Colonialist Exposes a Divide," August 31, 2024.
- “Singapore Clamps Down on News Web Sites,” June 9, 2013.
Other Resources
U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to East Asia and Pacific/Singapore).
Saudi Arabia
Economist magazine. Topics Index: Saudi Arabia. See, e.g.:
“How Free Expression is Suppressed in Saudi Arabia,” June 26, 2018. an interview with Jamal Khashoggi.
The New York Times. World: Times Topics: Saudi Arabia.
“Saudi Arabia’s Duplicitous Legalism,” by Eman Al-Nafjan. June 19, 2014.
Freedom in the World 2024 Saudi Arabia Country Report.
Freedom House: “Saudi Arabia’s Curriculum of Intolerance,” 2006.
Other Resources
Center for Democracy and Human Rights in Saudi Arabia (CDHR).
European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR).
GlobaLex: NYU Law School
A Brief Overview of the Saudi Arabian Legal System by Abdullah Ansary.
US Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to Near East (Middle East and North Africa)/Saudi Arabia).
The Washington Post
“What the Arab World Needs Most Is Free Expression,” by Jamal Khashoggi, Oct. 17, 2018. (See also the Jamal Khashoggi page of columns.)
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