Country Studies

A central premise of Democracy Web is that one of the best means for teaching about democracy is through comparative study of democracy's principles, history and current practice. Each Study Guide unit includes three Country Studies, one each for the three categories in Freedom House’s annual survey ─ “Free,” “Partially Free” and “Not Free.” (The Country Study of the United States is in the last unit, Freedom of Religion.) They may be accessed below individually (in alphabetical order) or by category.

Black January

AZERBAIJAN COUNTRY STUDY: Free, Fair & Regular Elections

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 7/100 | Political Rights: 0/40 | Civil Liberties: 7/60

Azerbaijan lies at the crossroads between Europe and Asia - with Russia to the north, Iran to the south and Georgia and Armenia to the northwest and west.

Campaign posters for a 2008 plebiscite on Evo Morales’s presidency

BOLIVIA COUNTRY STUDY: Consent of the Governed

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 66/100 | Political Rights: 27/40 | Civil Liberties: 39/60

Bolivia has had 40 years of civilian rule but faces significant challenges following a political crisis in 2019-20.

A BDP campaign poster.

BOTSWANA COUNTRY STUDY: Accountability and Transparency

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 72/100 | Political Rights: 28/40 | Civil Liberties: 44/60

Botswana is Africa’s oldest continuous multiparty democracy, having held uninterrupted free elections since gaining independence in 1966.

Chilean Protests 2019 in Puerto Montt (North Patagonia)

CHILE COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Association

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 94/100 | Political Rights: 38/40 | Civil Liberties: 56/60

Chile, a country that spans a long length of territory on the Pacific Coast of South America, is a unitary presidential republic.

Hong Kong Supports Xu Zhiyong and Hu Jia

CHINA COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Association

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 9/100 | Political Rights: -2/40 | Civil Liberties: 11/60

Xi Jinping has been paramount leader, combining all senior state, party and military positions, since 2013. Xi has instituted increasing repressive and surveillance measures to control Chinese society. Shown here in 2016 with Russian president Vladimir Putin, with whom he has established a “no limits partnership.” Shutterstock. Photo by plavi011.

CHINA COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Expression

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 9/100 | Political Rights: -2/40 | Civil Liberties: 11/60

The People’s Republic of China is a unitary republic and one-party dictatorship. Freedom in the World has categorized the country as “not free” since the first survey in 1973 and today it ranks among teh least free nations.

Hair salon

CUBA COUNTRY STUDY: Economic Freedom

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 12/100 | Political Rights: 1/40 | Civil Liberties: 11/60

Cuba is a unitary republic with a one-party dictatorship. Cuba has been ranked “not free” in all of Freedom House’s world surveys since 1973.

On August 23, 1989, the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, two million people linked hands across the three Baltic countries over nearly 500 miles to symbolize the countries’ determination to regain statehood. Creative Commons. Photo by: L. Vasauskas.

ESTONIA COUNTRY STUDY: Economic Freedom

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 95/100 | Political Rights: 38/40 | Civil Liberties: 57/60

Estonia, among the world’s most free and economically dynamic countries, has a parliamentary system with a unicameral legislature.

French National Assembly

FRANCE COUNTRY STUDY: Constitutional Limits on Government

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 89/100 | Political Rights: 38/40 | Civil Liberties: 51/60

France has a mixed presidential-parliamentary government. Its history encompasses periods of absolutism, revolution, empire, constitutional monarchy and republicanism.

Demonstrators on top of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, the day east and west Berliners broke through the wall. Brandenberg Gate, part of the border of the two parts of the divided city, is in background.

GERMANY COUNTRY STUDY: Rule of Law

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 93/100 | Political Rights: 39/40 | Civil Liberties: 54/60

The Federal Republic of Germany has a parliamentary democracy and a federal state, and has become one of the freer nations in the world.

A crowd outside the Palace building in Guatemala City with the Guatemalan flag flying at center.

GUATEMALA COUNTRY STUDY: Constitutional Limits on Government

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 46/100 | Political Rights: 17/40 | Civil Liberties: 29/60

Guatemala has had democratic elections since 1985 but struggled to overcome a legacy of military rule, corrupt government and poverty.

2009 Elections in Indonesia

INDONESIA COUNTRY STUDY: Human Rights and Freedom from State Tyranny

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 57/100 | Political Rights: 28/40 | Civil Liberties: 29/60

Indonesia is an archipelago nation between the Asian and Australian continents with, since 1998, a mixed presidential-parliamentary system with free, fair and regular elections.

Protestors take part during a demonstration in front of the Iranian embassy in Brussels, Belgium on Sept. 23, 2022, following the death of Mahsa Amini. Photo by Alexandros Michailidis

IRAN COUNTRY STUDY: Consent of the Governed

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 11/100 | Political Rights: 4/40 | Civil Liberties: 7/60

The territory of Iran, previously known as Persia, was ruled by monarchical dynasties or occupied and dominated by foreign powers for nearly all of its recorded history.

2019 Meeting of the Israeli Knesset

ISRAEL COUNTRY STUDY: The Multiparty System

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 74/100 | Political Rights: 34/40 | Civil Liberties: 40/60

Israel's multiparty system is highly diverse, including representation for minority populations. But in recent years Israel’s democracy has faced a range of challenges.

Protests

KAZAKHSTAN COUNTRY STUDY: Accountability and Transparency

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 23/100 | Political Rights: 5/40 | Civil Liberties: 18/60

Kazakhstan is a presidential republic in Central Asia. Since its independence in 1991, Kazakhstan has not had democratic governance.

Unfinished Bridge in Kenya

KENYA COUNTRY STUDY: Economic Freedom

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 52/100 | Political Rights: 22/40 | Civil Liberties: 30/60

Kenya is a presidential republic on the central eastern coast of Africa. Its mixed economy, once a model for Africa, today has high levels of poverty and corruption.

Bersih Protesters and Police

MALAYSIA COUNTRY STUDY: The Multiparty System

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 53/100 | Political Rights: 22/40 | Civil Liberties: 31/60

The Federation of Malaysia, consisting of two territories separated by the South China Sea, is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government.

Royal Palace

MOROCCO COUNTRY STUDY: Human Rights and Freedom from State Tyranny

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 37/100 | Political Rights: 13/40 | Civil Liberties: 24/60

The Kingdom of Morocco, located on the northwestern coast of Africa, is a semi-constitutional monarchy with a limited unitary parliamentary system.

Dutch Municipal Elections 2018

NETHERLANDS COUNTRY STUDY: Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 97/100 | Political Rights: 39/40 | Civil Liberties: 58/60

Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy with unitary structure.

William of Orange III and his Dutch army land in Brixham

NETHERLANDS COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Expression

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 97/100 | Political Rights: 39/40 | Civil Liberties: 58/60

The Netherlands has a long history of free media, free political debate, free and fair elections and pluralist political competition. That tradition continues.

Gen. Ali with the MNJTF

NIGERIA COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Religion

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 44/100 | Political Rights: 20/40 | Civil Liberties: 24/60

Nigeria, on the east coast of Africa, is a federal republic with a mixed presidential-parliamentary system.

Military Parade

NORTH KOREA COUNTRY STUDY: Human Rights and Freedom from State Tyranny

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 3/100 | Political Rights: 0/40 | Civil Liberties: 3/60

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) is a unitary republic with a highly repressive one-party dictatorship and among the worst violators of human rights.

Maria Ressa

PHILIPPINES COUNTRY STUDY: Accountability and Transparency

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 58/100 | Political Rights: 25/40 | Civil Liberties: 33/60

The Philippines is a constitutional republic with a presidential system. Democracy was restored in 1986, but recent presidents have eroded human rights and rule of law.

Political poster featuring Gary Cooper to encourage votes for the Solidarity party in the 1989 Polish elections. Tomasz Sarneck, 1989

POLAND COUNTRY STUDY: Free, Fair & Regular Elections

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 80/100 | Political Rights: 33/40 | Civil Liberties: 47/60

Since 1989, Poland has been a free and sovereign country following more than two centuries of foreign domination, occupation, and control.

Diriyah Agreement 1744

SAUDI ARABIA COUNTRY STUDY: Rule of Law

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 8/100 | Political Rights: 1/40 | Civil Liberties: 7/60

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy and Islamic state, and is ranked among the “worst of the worst” dictatorships in the Freedom in the World report.

Singapore's Court System

SINGAPORE COUNTRY STUDY: Rule of Law

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 48/100 | Political Rights: 19/40 | Civil Liberties: 29/60

Singapore, an island city-state with a parliamentary republic and authoritarian governance. Freedom House consistently categorizes the country as “partly free.”

Group of people waving South African flags

SOUTH AFRICA COUNTRY STUDY: Consent of the Governed

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 79/100 | Political Rights: 33/40 | Civil Liberties: 46/60

South Africa is a constitutional republic and parliamentary democracy whose president is chosen by the National Assembly, the popularly elected lower house of a bicameral legislature.

Supporters of the Alliance of Sudanese Political Forces (ASPF) protest in front of 10 Downing Street, London

SUDAN COUNTRY STUDY: Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 6/100 | Political Rights: -3/40 | Civil Liberties: 9/60

Since gaining independence in 1956, Sudan has endured numerous civil wars and been governed mostly by military dictatorships.

2014 Syrian Presidential Election

SYRIA COUNTRY STUDY: The Multiparty System

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 1/100 | Political Rights: -3/40 | Civil Liberties: 4/60

Syria, a constitutional republic located in the Middle East, is among the world’s most repressive dictatorships.

Ben Ali Must Leave

TUNISIA COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Association

Status: Partly Free

Freedom Rating: 51/100 | Political Rights: 16/40 | Civil Liberties: 35/60

Tunisia, a North African country on the Mediterranean Sea, is now a presidential republic following a staged constitutional referendum in 2022.

Tens of thousands protested the demolition of Gezi Park in Istanbul’s Taksim Square in 2013

TURKEY COUNTRY STUDY: Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 33/100 | Political Rights: 17/40 | Civil Liberties: 16/60

Turkey has a presidential-parliamentary system, now with dominant executive powers following a controversial 2017 referendum.

Police Chasing Journalist in Kampala

UGANDA COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Expression

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 34/100 | Political Rights: 10/40 | Civil Liberties: 24/60

Uganda is a unitary republic with a presidential system. The current president came to power in 1986 and has governed in largely authoritarian manner.

Mayflower Compact

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Religion

Status: Free

Freedom Rating: 83/100 | Political Rights: 33/40 | Civil Liberties: 50/60

The United States is a constitutional republic with a presidential system. It is the world's oldest representative democracy among nation states.

Registan Square is flanked left, right and center by three madrasahs or Islamic schools of distinctive Persian architecture. Facing are two minarets.

UZBEKISTAN COUNTRY STUDY: Constitutional Limits on Government

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 12/100 | Political Rights: 2/40 | Civil Liberties: 10/60

Uzbekistan is a nation in Central Asia with a mixed presidential-parliamentary system, but in practice is a consolidated dictatorship.

Venezuelans wait in long lines to familiarize themselves with the new voting machines to elect the new national assembly on December 6, 2020.

VENEZUELA COUNTRY STUDY: Free, Fair & Regular Elections

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 15/100 | Political Rights: 1/40 | Civil Liberties: 14/60

The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela has a dominant presidential system and authoritarian government.

Captured French Prisoners 1954

VIETNAM COUNTRY STUDY: Freedom of Religion

Status: Not Free

Freedom Rating: 19/100 | Political Rights: 4/40 | Civil Liberties: 15/60

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a unitary republic and one-party dictatorship. Since 1975, Freedom in the World has categorized the united country as “not free.”