On 28 August 1963, more than 200,000 demonstrators took part in the peaceful March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in Washington, D.C. The march, initiated and led by A. Philip Randolph, pressured President John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress. During this event Martin Luther King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. Shutterstock 245065219.

Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Majority Rule, Minority Rights: Resources

Resources

Essential Principles and History

The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy (2008). New Haven: Yale Law School. Contains descriptions of and links to relevant documents, including:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (France, 1789).

European Court of Human Rights (home page).

Human Rights Web, "A Summary of United Nations Agreements on Human Rights" (1997). Includes descriptions and links to relevant documents, such as:

Other Resources

Bouie, Jamelle   
The Enlightenment’s Dark Side,” Slate, June 5, 2018.

Coates, Ta-Nehisi   
The Slave Society Defined,” The Atlantic, September 11, 2011.

Foner, Eric   
A Regional Reign of Terror,” The New York Review of Books, April 6, 2023.

Hannah-Jones, Nikole
The ‘Colorblindness’ Trap: How a Civil Rights Ideal Got Hijacked,” The New Times Magazine,” March 13, 2024.

King Jr., Martin Luther.

Lewis, John, with Aydin, Andrew and Powell, Nate

Mill, John Stuart, On Liberty (essay available online at Project Guttenberg).

Müller, Jans-Werner
Democracy Rules (New York: Farrar, Strauss, Giroux, 2003). 

Robert's Rules of Order Revised, 1915 (summary version).

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum (home page).

Netherlands

Economist magazine: Topics: Netherlands.

The New York Times: Times Topics: Netherlands.

Freedom in the World 2024 Netherlands Country Report.

Other Resources

Dutch Review 
Zwarte Piet: The Full Guide to the Netherlands’ Most Controversial Tradition (November 22, 2022).

Frank, Anne. 
The Diary of a Young Girl (available in several editions). See also Anne Frank Museum web site.

Kramer, Jane. 
"The Dutch Model: Multiculturalism and Muslim Immigrants.” The New Yorker, April 3, 2006.

Social and Cultural Planning Office of the Netherlands. Ethnic Minorities and Integration: Outlook for the Future, The Hague: 2004.

U.S. Dept. of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to Europe and Eurasia/Netherlands).

Turkey

Economist magazine: Topics: Turkey.

The New York Times: World: Times Topics: Turkey. See, e.g.:

Freedom in the World 2024 Turkey Country Report.

Human Rights Watch: 2024 Turkey Country Report.

Other Resources

Al-Monitor 
Turkey Resurrects Deadly Article 301 Against Dissent,” (Oct. 24, 2019)

Amnesty International: Turkey.

OSCE Election Observation Mission: 2023 Turkey Presidential Elections.

U.S. Dept. of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to Europe and Eurasia/Turkey).

Sudan

Economist magazine: Topics: Sudan.

The New York Times: World: Times Topics: Sudan. See, e.g.:

Freedom in the World 2024 Sudan Country Report.

Human Rights Watch 2024 Sudan Country Report.

Other Resources

Dabanga (an independent news site) 
Charter for the Forces of Freedom and Change Signed in Capital,” Oct. 2021.

Foreign Policy 
Sudan’s Failed Democracy is a Disaster for Women,” August 4, 2023.

New York Review of Books. "Genocide in Slow Motion" by Nicholas D. Kristof. February 9, 2006.

Sudanese Civil Society Declaration of Principles, July 23, 2023.

U.S. Dept. of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to Africa/Sudan).

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